Understanding Ashura: A Day of Significance in Islamic History
What is Aashura?
The term “Aashura” is derived from the Arabic word “Asharah,” meaning ten, signifying the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar. This day holds immense significance for Muslims due to its historical and spiritual importance.
The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) highlighted the sacred nature of certain months, including Muharram, saying: “The year is twelve months of which four are sacred, the three consecutive months of Dhul-Qa’dah, Dhul-Hijjah, and Muharram, and Rajab which comes between Jumaada and Shabaan.” (Bukhari). Ashura, therefore, stands out as a day for Muslims to perform good deeds and seek divine mercy.
Why is Aashura important?
Given that fasting Ashura was so important to the Prophet ﷺ, you might be curious as to why this day is significant. Many of you may have heard that the Prophet ﷺ began fasting the day of Ashura when he arrived in Madinah and found the Jews fasting this day because it coincided with Passover. Ibn Abbas (rA) narrated that:
“When the Prophet ﷺ arrived at Madinah, the Jews were observing the fast on Ashura, and they said, ‘This is the day when Moses became victorious over Pharaoh.’ On that, the Prophet ﷺ said to his companions, ‘You (Muslims) have more right to celebrate Moses’ victory than they have, so observe the fast on this day.’” [Sahih Al-Bukhari #4680]
Key Historical Events on Aashura
- The Battle of Karbala: One of the most significant events in Muharram is the martyrdom of Hazrat Imam Hussain (RA) during the Battle of Karbala. This battle, fought on the 10th of Muharram, was between Imam Hussain, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), along with his family and companions, against a much larger army sent by Yazid ibn Muawiyah, the Umayyad caliph at the time.
Imam Hussain refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid, who had assumed leadership of the Muslim community after his father’s death. This refusal was based on Yazid’s corrupt rule and un-Islamic practices. On Ashura, Imam Hussain and his 72 followers were martyred. Their sacrifice is remembered for its commitment to preserving the integrity of Islam and standing against oppression and tyranny.
- The Day Allah Freed Musa (AS): Ashura is also significant because it commemorates the day Allah (SWT) saved Prophet Musa (AS) and his followers from the tyrannical rule of Pharaoh. Pharaoh, who declared himself a god, sought to destroy Musa and his followers by sending a large army.
In a miraculous event, Allah parted the Red Sea, allowing Musa and the Israelites to pass through safely while drowning Pharaoh’s army. This event is a powerful reminder of Allah’s protection and the importance of placing complete trust in Him. In gratitude for this divine intervention, Prophet Musa (AS) fasted on this day.
Spiritual Virtues of Ashura
- Fasting: Fasting on the day of Ashura holds a special place in Islam. It offers believers a chance to seek blessings and forgiveness for past sins. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “Fasting the day of ‘Ashura’, I hope Allah will expiate the sins of the year before.” (Sahih Muslim). Fasting on this day serves as a means of atonement and spiritual purification.
- Increased Worship and Seeking Forgiveness: Muharram, particularly the day of Ashura, is an ideal time for increased worship and zikr (remembrance of Allah). Muslims are encouraged to seek Allah’s forgiveness and divine mercy, reflecting on their deeds and resolving to follow the righteous path.
Additional Reflections on Ashura
Emulating the Virtues of Imam Hussain (RA) and Prophet Musa (AS)
The lives of Imam Hussain (RA) and Prophet Musa (AS) serve as timeless examples of unwavering faith, courage, and moral integrity.
- Faith: Both figures demonstrated profound faith in Allah, relying on His guidance and support even in the most challenging circumstances. Imam Hussain (RA) stood against a corrupt regime, sacrificing his life to uphold the principles of Islam. His unwavering faith in the righteousness of his cause continues to inspire Muslims to remain steadfast in their beliefs, regardless of the adversity they may face. Prophet Musa (AS) led his people out of tyranny with complete trust in Allah’s promise of deliverance, exemplifying the power of faith in achieving seemingly impossible outcomes.
- Courage: The courage of Imam Hussain (RA) in facing a vastly superior force at Karbala and his refusal to capitulate to Yazid’s demands are powerful testaments to his bravery and moral conviction. Similarly, Prophet Musa (AS) confronted the mighty Pharaoh, defying his oppressive rule and guiding the Israelites to freedom. Their courageous actions underscore the importance of standing up against oppression and injustice, regardless of the personal cost.
- Moral Integrity: Both leaders exemplified the highest standards of moral integrity. Imam Hussain (RA) chose martyrdom over compromising his principles, highlighting the value of integrity and honor. Prophet Musa (AS) remained steadfast in his mission to lead his people to the truth and righteousness, despite the immense challenges and threats he faced. Their lives teach us the importance of maintaining ethical standards and moral clarity in our actions.
CONCLUSION: Ashura is a day of profound significance in the Islamic calendar, offering numerous opportunities for reflection, spiritual growth, and community engagement. By emulating the virtues of Imam Hussain (RA) and Prophet Musa (AS), Muslims can draw inspiration from their unwavering faith, courage, and moral integrity. Educating the younger generation about the importance of Ashura ensures that its legacy and values are preserved for the future.
At Zaki Institute, we are dedicated to propagating Quranic education and fostering a deep understanding of Islamic teachings.We invite you to enroll in our programs to enrich your spiritual life and gain a comprehensive understanding of the Quran and Islamic studies. Let us embrace this sacred month with renewed faith and commitment to righteous deeds. Join Zaki Institute today and embark on a journey of spiritual enlightenment and community service.
